Experience the thrill of discovery and learn the sacred secrets behind stonehenge, machu picchu, the acropolis, and other mysterious ancient locales. Djennedjenno aka djenne jeno, jenne jeno, or old jenne was an ancient city located in modern mali, west africa which flourished between c. One of the first urbanized centers in western africa. Scientific excavations in the 1970s and 1980s revealed that the mound is composed of over five meters of debris accumulated during sixteen centuries of occupation that began c.
Entrance in the great mosque of djenne frank in guinea, flickr cc by 2. The most culturally enduring image of archaeology involves digging for ancient artifacts, excavating tombs, and, of course, indiana jones. The ghana reader does full and eloquent justice to ghanas rowdy and cacophonous history and to its luminous promise. Jennejeno, an ancient african city susan keech mcintosh and roderick j. Although african civilization is an integral part of world history, it is an aspect of world history that is too often underemphasizedparticularly at the elementary grade level. Archaeology reveals the rich histories of complex cultures in the cradle of humankind. Jenne jeno and diadiagha are indispensable to the history of the middle niger, but critical to their own development was the anterior province of mema. Aug 05, 2012 an elbow stuck through a picasso is a big deal. Djennedjenno, one of the bestknown archaeological sites in subsaharan africa, spreads over several acres of rutted fields near the present city of djenne in central mali. Konare, an archaeologist by training who dug alongside mr. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Historical sources, such as the 1828 account of the french explorer rene caillie, as well as local tarikhs histories written in arabic detail for us the central role. African iron age people used a bloomery process to smelt iron. Ancient african civilization of jenne jeno lasted longer than rome. The terracotta statues were manufactured by various groups inhabiting the inland niger delta region of presentday mali, centered around the ancient urban center of djenne jeno. Include impact on transportation, cities and economic systems. It was the first indigenous city recognized in africa south of the sahara, contradicting the longheld assumption that african cities were initially colonies of or in some way stimulated by grecoroman, punic, or egyptian urbanism north of the desert. Evidence from jenne jeno, journal of african history, 22 1981, 122.
Archeologists have traced its beginnings to at least 350 bc. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. The archaeological site of jenne jeno, situated beside the historic town of djenne, was brought to the attention of the world by the 1977 and 1981 excavations of roderick and susan mcintosh. Three decades of sustained excavation of the tell, or foundation, of jenne jeno, begun by roderick and susan keech mcintosh in 1977, have contributed an especially detailed case study of the development of a major sahelian urban center from 250 b. Stop over documentary, discovery, history 741,456 views 54. By 900 ce, it had expanded to become one of the largest urban centers of the region, with at one point more than forty thousand people. These episodes cover the time frame of 5,000 years ago to the present, and geographical areas that span the globe. One of west africas bestknown mosques is the friday mosque at jenne, mali fig. This rock art, which serves as the saharas history books of the time, marks the moment when west africans began to build sedentary settlements as water became scarce.
This is a lesson intended for a 9th grade african history course at san. From dust to digital open book publishers openedition books. It had cities two thousand years ago archeologists found copper at jenne jeno. From the 16th century to the late 19th century, jenne jeno dominated the central delta as a major commercial. One fine saturday evening 101015 i managed to finally get to the metropolitan museum for an exhibition of kongo tribal art kongo. Apr 12, 2019 djennedjenno aka djennejeno, jennejeno, or old jenne was an ancient city located in modern mali, west africa which flourished between c. Djenne is home to several notable examples of muslim architecture, including the famed great mosque. Africa city of jenne jeno and ghana empire quizlet.
Review and ancient city of jennejeno africa notespictures 7th grade history. In schools where emphasis is put on learning history, not giving coaches jobs. Learn more about what archeology has uncovered in jeno jenne about the past of the mande people, africans who helped settle america during the 17th and 18th centuries. They built a cylindrical clay furnace and used charcoal and a handoperated bellows to reach the level of heating for smelting. It was founded between 300 and 500 bce, and lasted 1,600 years. The commune includes ten of the surrounding villages and in 2009 had a population of 32,944. In no place in the world do you have a civilization entirely built on mud.
Jennejeno is an ancient city in the middle niger floodplain of the niger river in. Hale shows you how sacred buildings, complexes, tomb structures, artwork, and more have provided us with unparalleled. But it had no king, no civic center, and no big temple. Bloomery is a batch process, in which the air blast must be stopped periodically to remove the solid mass or masses of metal, called blooms. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading jennejeno, a love story. Mcintosh roderick and susan mcintosh excavated at jenne jeno and neighboring sites in 1977 and 1981 and returned in 1994 for coring and more survey, with funding from the national science foundation of the united states, the american association of university women, and the national geographic society. Cambridge university press 052180x ancient middle niger urbanism and the selforganizing landscape by roderick j. How many people lived in jenne jeno at its high point. Dec 24, 1999 a fiveyear campaign with the strong endorsement of president alpha o. Barren and carpeted by a thick layer of broken pottery, jenne jeno lay mute for decades, its history and significance totally unknown. This was about 38% of all the recorded jenne s in the usa.
Present day mande people trace their ancestry back to the great th century. In 1906 the rebuilding of the old mosque was started. Why did people studying at the university of sankore copy books by hand. The town of jenne djenne was founded near jenne jeno between 800 and 1250 a. I am not convinced by mcintoshs historical expla nation for. Heres a tip, coming from a soontobe history english teacher. Inland niger delta essay the metropolitan museum of art.
Literally translated to ancient djenne, it is the original site of both djenne and mali and is considered to be among the oldest urbanized centers and the bestknown archaeology site in subsaharan africa. It seems, this was an initiative of local people, but also the french administration helped in the organization of public works to build the mosque and madrassa next to it. Jennejeno is one of the oldest cities of subsaharan africa that historians know about today. Jenne jeno must have engaged in trade because its people were using materials like iron and stone that had to have been brought from hundreds of.
Evidence from jennejeno, journal of african history, 22 1981, 122. New york had the highest population of jenne families in 1840. Djenne is a city of mali whose history is closely linked to that of timbuktu. African art is under threat in djennedjenno the new york times. This map was included in a lot of my history books in my school system. Experts believe that the head may have been deliberately destroyed. This is a place where the great issues and contradictions of africas past resonate through the present.
E, was the first known indigenous city in subsaharan africa where the inhabitants lived in neighboring independent clusters rather than a single, core urban center. In this region of mali, the ancient city of jennejeno old jenne flourished as a center for agriculture, trade, and art from the middle of the first millennium until about 1600. The site is located on a floodplain of the inland niger delta, three kilometers. The nearby, preislamic ruins of jennejeno, which at its height may have been a city of more than 15,000 people, date back to 250 bc in the th cent. Djennedjenno is a unesco world heritage site located in the niger river valley in the. From the discovery of jenne jeno, what did historians learn about the history of west africa. Great mosque of djenne djenne worlds largest adobe. Kline this is a lesson intended for a 9th grade african history course at san francisco university high school. Mcintosh excerpt 1 discovery jenne jeno discovered to the world. Occupation of jennejeno, modern day southern mali, 250 b. It was an extraordinary place, this jenne jeno, but one of the things that they were most interested in was the evidence for ironworking, because this was believed to be such a high and advanced technology that it surely had been brought in by the islamic people, who came along with their faith sometime in the 1200s, so long after jenne jeno. Young learners are seldom made aware that great empires like egypt, ghana, jenne jeno, kush, songhay, timbuktu, nubia.
Inhabitants lived in the civilization as early as 300 bce. The growth of the town is a story of ever growing numbers of craftspersons. Jenne jeno grew into a thriving city by 400 ce and became the major commercial center of west africa in the 8th century ce with a special focus on iron manufacturing and trade. Djenne, an ancient trading city and center of muslim scholarship, located on the bani river and on floodlands between the bani and niger rivers in southern mali. The earliest signs of organised society in west africa date from around 1500 bc, in presentday mauritania and northern nigeria, where the remains of stone villages and domestic. Djennedjenno aka djennejeno, jennejeno, or old jenne was an ancient city located in. Mcintosh in jenne jeno in 1977, has slowed the traffic. The great mosque of jenne is the worlds largest earthen structure, and is faced by the citys open market, which was once a pond drained by the french. Evidence suggests domestication of agriculture and trade with nearby regions.
Ap world history strayer chapter 6 flashcards coursenotes. In the 36 riveting lectures of exploring the roots of religion, practicing archaeologist and awardwinning professor john r. Jennejeno is an ancient city in the middle niger floodplain of the niger river in presentday mali. It has been the subject of archeological excavations by susan and roderick mcintosh and others and has been dated to the 3rd century bc. Jennjeno is widely recognized as one of the most carefully documented cases demonstrating the rise of. This is testament to its importance in west african history.
Jennejeno, near present day jenne, was established by the very fertile river banks of the bani and niger. World heritage encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive. Occupation of jenne jeno, modern day southern mali, 250 b. In this region of mali, the ancient city of jenne jeno old jenne flourished as a center for agriculture, trade, and art from the middle of the first millennium until about 1600. Excavations at jennejeno, hambarketolo, and kaniana inland niger delta, mali, the 1981 season. Excavations at jennejeno, hambarketolo, and kaniana inland niger delta.
We now recognize the shallowness and nonsense of this view. In fact, the urban site of jenne jeno is divided into fully seventy physically discrete parts. By the fourteenth century, gold, kola, and slaves from the southern savanna, salt and manuscripts from the sahara, and the staple foods of the inland niger delta were. Pick up almost any book on early and medieval world history and empire, and. The town is the administrative centre of the djenne cercle, one of the eight subdivisions of the mopti region. It is wellrenowned for its mud brick architecture, and today most of the city is considered a unesco world heritage site.
The commune includes ten of the surrounding villages and in 2009 had. Prospering thanks to fertile agricultural land and as a hub of regional trade, the city boasted a population of around 20,000 at its peak. The smaller of the pair, linked to jenne jeno by a causeway, is the separate satellite mound of hambarketolo, itself a respectable 290 meters in length. About 250 bce, the site of jenne jeno ancient jenne in the songhay language in presentday mali was settled. The terracotta figures associated with this civilization represent men and women, singular and in pairs, in a variety of attire and poses, including sitting. If you go to the index of your book first try looking up sahara. Apr 15, 2016 killing civilization employs case studies from across the modern and ancient world to develop a new model of incipient urbanism and its consequences, using excavation and survey data from catalhoyuk, cahokia, harappa, jennejeno, tiahuanaco, and monte alban to create a more accurate picture of the turbulent social, political, and economic. A river and its people, the niger river local boats documentary, discovery, history duration.
In 1840 there were 11 jenne families living in new york. Wonders of the african world episodes road to timbuktu. Jennejeno, a love story takes place in that ancient west african city in whats now called mali during the ninth century. In the 11th and 12th centuries, jenne jeno steadily declined due to competition from the nearby islamic town of jenne, and by 1400 ce, it had become a ghost town. If not, try then looking, still in the index, jenne jeno and see what it tells you. Jennejeno, a love story kindle edition by haven, lee r download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. The international journal of african historical studies, 17 1, 8199. Jennejeno, an ancient african city department of anthropology. Jan 17, 2017 nine significant episodes in green planning history are described. Jenne jeno and diadiagha are indispensable to the history of the middle niger, but critical to their own development was the anterior province of mema in the southwestern basin of the middle niger, where arose a vast number and size of urban sites including kolima and akumbu during the iron age, having been preceded by an equally. African art is under threat in djennedjenno the new. West africas story is one of history s grand epics. Ancient african civilization of jenne jeno lasted longer than. The ancient jenne jeno culture in mali has made people rethink ideas about civilization.
Mcintosh and susan keech mcintosh, the inland niger delta before the empire of mali. Ancient african civilization of jenne jeno lasted longer. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. It can be said, without much fear of contradiction, that the ancient middle niger is the most recent of the worlds major urban civilizations to be discovered.
The people of mali made their living as farmers, miners, and traders. Jennejeno also djennejeno is the original site of djenne, mali and considered to be among the oldest urbanized centers in subsaharan africa. Picking big moments in planning history is an inherently subjective exercise. Because of its location along the niger river, jenne jeno was an important walled trade city that drew multiple ethnic groups and was part of both the ghana and mali empires.
Although the romanticism of exploring ancient temples with a bullwhip and a battered hat is quite far from reality, archaeology is still associated with harrison fords adventurist charisma and, perhaps more erroneously, misconceived solely as a. Jenne jeno emerged around the 3rd century bce and by the 1st century ce, it had grown to about 30 acres. Jennejeno, a love story kindle edition by haven, lee r. Reclining figure from middle niger civilization, jenne jeno, mali, 12th14th century. The most jenne families were found in the usa in 1880. Include significant peoples and the importance of trade. Jenne jeno flashcards flashcard machine create, study and. A walled community home to approximately 50,000 people at its height. The goal is to introduce students to several early african societies in west africa.
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